An eating pattern with too few calories may not supply enough nutrients to keep the body running normally. Children who under eat may not get enough nutrients or energy for growth and development either.
As the person age and muscle tone decreases, bones will become particularly vulnerable to breaking because they are too thin and do not have adequate support from muscles to protect them.
A lack of food energy may cause fatique, irritability and lack of concentration. And those with poor diet may have trouble warding off infections. Side effect of too skinny also include: intolerance to cold, muscle cramping and dizziness.
For normal weight people, a layer of body fat just under the skin helps protect the body from cold. But very thin people have only a very thin fat layer so they lack insulation to keep them warm.
That becomes an increasing problem for the thin frail elderly, especially if they don’t have adequate heating in their homes.
Taken to an extreme, severe loss of body mass can lead to cardiac arrest and damage to other vital organs.
Anemia is another common health problem in those who are underweight. Its main cause is not eating a healthy balanced diet that is rich in iron such as lean red meat, fortified cereals ad green leafy vegetables.
An American Cancer Society study published in 1978 spotlighted health problems in those who are less than 80% of average weight.
These underweight men and women, the study showed, suffer higher mortality from digestive disease and cerebrovascular disease than their counterparts who are close to average weight.
A problem of too thin
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